E Magazine

Bullying By Teachers? Yes, It Happens All The Time

April 13, 2020 No Comments

Can teachers ever be bullies? Can teachers ever cause mental trauma to a student? Can students get fed up with school all together due to bullying by teachers? The answer to these questions is, sadly, yes. Sania Nasir tells us about an issue often ignored and why it should not be.

alliullah* is a grade-8 student at a private school in Sukkur. And like millions of other students of his age around the world, he does not seem to keep well at Mathematics. In any other civilized society, Waliullah’s teachers would have considered other areas where he performs better and urged him to focus on exactly those. Alternatively, teachers would have offered him additional help to overcome his difficulties in the subject. But not here. Not Waliullah.“I try my best to learn mathematics, but I am always confused by word problems. I seek help from my elder sister and I also take help from my friends but I do not seem to get it. Would I really will not be able to clear the Math exams?” He asks plaintively. And the reason he worries so is because his teacher has told him definitively: You are never going to pass the math exam.“My teacher tells me I am no good, ” he says. “Whenever I ask a question, my teacher ignores it. He just keeps calling me useless and my classmates have a field day over my mockery by the teacher. I hate it. I have stopped talking to my classmates and I don’t even feel like going to school.”

Nothing can be worse than a student feeling worthless and pressurized because of being bullied by his or her teacher, a person a student looks up to for guidance and sincerest of advices. However, this is indeed a very common practice in educational institutes across Pakistan, especially in public and middle-tier private schools.But do our teachers who practice routine belittling of children, quashing their curiosity and calling them names realize that they are nothing else than bullies casting a negative shadow on the personalities of hundreds of children they teach each year.

Bullying

The most widely accepted definition of bullying has been offered by Olweus in 1983 after he initiated an empirical investigation of the phenomenon. In 1983, after three adolescents in Norway committed suicide, most likely as a consequence of severe bullying by peers, the Norwegian Ministry of Education initiated a nationwide campaign against bullying in schools, which later become known as the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program (OBPP). The main aim of the OBPP is to reduce existing bullying issues among students at schools.

Do teachers who are in the habit of belittling children, quashing their curiosity and calling them names realize that they are nothing else than bullies casting a negative shadow on students’ personalities

Olweus describes bullying as an intentional, recurring exposure to negative actions, performed by an individual or a group, perceived to be more powerful and stronger than the victim. According to research, bullying behavior primarily revolves around oppression and intimidation by using a range of both direct and indirect forms of aggression. The direct form of aggression is physical that includes slapping, shoving, pushing, beating, snatching, and damaging victim’s property. The other form is verbal and involves name-calling, shouting, abusing and insulting acts of violence.There is also an indirect form involving gossiping, rumor spreading and socially rejecting the targeted individual. Having said that, bullying can cause serious trauma and harm to students, including mental illnesses and drug abuse.

Teachers Playing Bully

It has been a common practice in Pakistani schools that whenever students complain about teachers’ indecent behavior, specifically bullying, to school administrations or parents, they are completely ignored for two reasons. First, bullying or issues like these are the least discussed social issues in Pakistani society. There is a scarcity of research studies on teachers bullying students and so very little attention is paid to this sensitive issue. Second, a cherished belief runs deep in our psyches that teachers are the ones whose heroic efforts transform the lives of students. It is not to say that there is no truth in the narrative. There is truth in the narrative that support this view, but parents and management need to understand that there is also a darker side.

Bullying by teachers is ignored due to two reasons: one, the issue itself is hardly taken seriously, and two, the social belief that teachers are heroes who transform the lives of students

Teachers are human beings too, and therefore, their personalities can be expected to range from the best example of the species to the worst. In Pakistan and other developing countries where education is mostly a physical drill rather than a sustained exercise to instill learning, a considerable number of teachers act only as merciless task masters, rather than compassionate role models. An ugly undercurrent of mean-spirited and disdainful conduct towards students is a common sight in schools spread across the country. This conduct not only constitutes corruption in a role referred to as the prophetic profession, but also does enormous damage to students.

My personal interest in the phenomenon of teachers who bully students has its roots in childhood experiences. During my teaching experience, peer teachers revealed demoralizing experiences of a certain colleague’s cruel behavior toward students. One of my peers related the tale of her experience. “When I joined this school, there was a student who was darker skinned than others. Almost all teachers use to mock him for that. I even heard one asking the poor kid: Do you even bathe? After some time, the child stopped coming to school. I was told that the boy started working with his father and stopped studying.” If we look around, we’ll find ample of similar stories and the common pattern in these stories is a sense of powerlessness on part of the victim and the conclusion that little or nothing was being done to ease the suffering.

Why Is It There?

Bullying by teachers is a pattern of conduct rooted in power dynamics. It threatens, harms, humiliates, induces fear in or causes real emotional stress t subjects, who in this case are students. To address the phenomenon of teachers who bully students, we need to come face to face with several troublesome truths. Teachers who bully are rationalized by offenders, normalized by students and minimized and ignored by peer teachers who largely remain silent. It is fact that bullying by teachers is conditioned by the inaction of school systems, and hence remains undetected by outsiders. All things considered, teachers are in fact provided the opportunities to bully. There are no school policies and procedures written to handle allegations of abusive conduct on part of teachers and there has been no discussion or methodologies on how to proceed once bullying by teachers is established.

Schools have a responsibility to protect and take care of their students. Despite the complaints, their failure to act enhances liability

More often, teachers do the bullying in classrooms, where students witness the behavior, but other teachers don’t. When students are targeted by teachers, they feel powerless and helpless. In most of the cases, students become unable to even establish positive relationship with the other teachers and students. According to research, bullying by a teacher can also be contagious, as it would encourage students to think that bullying in general and that of a certain student particularly is acceptable.But the most befuddling aspect of bullying by teachers is how easily it remains. Perhaps, it does so because our schools simply lack the expertise and capacity to offer a solution to students or parents who register complaints against a teacher who has been perceived as a bully.Also to blame are peer teachers, who may know about the behavior, but they do nothing. School officials may have a reason to believe that bullying is underway, yet fail to act decisively. One of the reasons for administrations looking the other way could be the fact that teachers justify they bullying behavior as a necessary means to achieve the ultimate end of ‘discipline’.

What Can Be Done?

Several research studies recommend that the right to redress (a process by which grievances are heard and settled) is a basic civil right of students and is effective in the cases of bullying. Schools have a responsibility to protect and take care of their students. Despite the complaints, their failure to act enhances liability. Schools should reduce bullying by teachers and staff members, with the first step being accepting the truth and be willing to take action against such conduct. Furthermore, there should be written policies against bullying to explicitly address teachers’, staff and students’ conduct. It is so important to identify teachers’ conduct in every schools’ code of ethics. Apart from that, school officials should use the in-service time to discuss appropriate and inappropriate teacher behavior, especially in the context of disciplining students.

Likewise, there must be a means to address complaints about alleged bullying by a teacher. For every teacher who engages in this abuse of power, there are many more teachers who care deeply and try to reduce the enormous damage this behavior inflicts upon our students. Bullying by teachers is a clear and present danger in our education system that we have ignored for far too long. Without a change in the way teachers conduct themselves, we cannot expect the pupils to be builders of a brighter tomorrow. For bullying by teachers will leave them too dark inside.

Sania Nasir is a student of MPhil Education at Sukkur IBA University. She has been involved in various education research projects and can be reached at sania.mphil18@iba-suk.edu.pk

E Magazine

Balochistan: Roping It In Through Education

April 10, 2020 No Comments

Rising above the mountains of Balochistan, the Princess of Hope is finally beginning to see in the province what she was once named for: hope. From new schools, art academies, and universities in Lasbela and Turbat, education is offering hope to the people of the province, especially in places where education once was a distant dream. Aisha Saeed tells a tale of how education is helping students in Balochistan integrate into the national discourse.

hen we first discovered that a university in Lasbela would be part of our itinerary, we prepared to expect some rundown buildings, a few faculty members and some students without a clue of where they were. But when I recall how we swayed to the tune of Attan – a traditional Pushto dance – under a starry night with hundreds of radiant young faces, I realize how perceptions can be so very misplaced.The Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences lies a short distance outside the main town and is one of the few Pakistani universities offering a degree program in marine sciences. With an enrolment of over 3,000 and purpose built campus with state-of-the-art facilities, the university is truly an educational oasis appearing out of nowhere.

After years of militancy, the state of education in Balochistan is finally seeing a turnaround, especially in the higher education domain. And we were lucky enough to be part of a delegation that was provided a chance to witness the change firsthand. he initiative we were a part of began a few years ago, aimed at mobilizing and integrating the youth of Balochistan and providing them exposure to the people and educational infrastructure in other parts of the country. Similarly, the organizers arrange visits of students from other parts of the country to Balochistan, where they can interact with students of the province and see how they are progressing.

From Radicalization To Education

Gwadar was almost unheard of in Pakistan until the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor gave it a celebrity status in when it was initiated in 2013. Back then, militancy was at its height in Balochistan, affecting all sections of the social setup, especially education. But with return to normalcy, education has again become a normal for the people of the province. In Gwadar, the delegation had the opportunity to meet Commander Southern Command Lt Gen Muhammad Waseem Ashraf. In his discussion with the group, Lt Gen Ashraf said education was the key to eradicating radicalism in any area. He said the military and the government of Balochistan along with Chinese assistance had set up schools and vocational centers for uplifting the people and challenging radical elements. “If someone wanted to take revenge from someone, they should build a school in that area,” he suggested. The commander added that schools as well and military and cadet colleges that granted access to education to the province’s youth were a silent weapon against insurgents.

For a relatively smaller population of Gwadar, the number of schools currently in running is an encouraging sign. On a higher level, National Security Workshop Balochistan has been launched that provides access to teachers and other professionals from Balochistan to various events, workshops and seminars, giving them a chance to understand the complexities that hold back the development of the province. Besides, the Balochistan Education Endowment Fund (BEEF) has swelled to Rs 8 billion, with 45,000 students granted scholarships at their doorstep. The only merit needed to secure a BEEF Scholarship is to be a good student. The merit required to get into a medical college in Balochistan has been lowered to 59% – in an effort to encourage students to go for higher education.

Balochistan Education Endowment Fund (BEEF) has swelled to Rs 8 billion, with 45,000 students granted scholarships at their doorstep

Girls are getting opportunities too, as the Pak-China Girls School on the outskirts of Gwadar is committed to providing education to girls of the area up to middle level. Pak-China Technical and Vocational Institute at Gwadar, established under the objectives of CPEC, is to shape and enhance skills of Baloch youth so that they are prepared to grow as the port city grows itself.While education is at the top of priorities for every stakeholder in the province, a lack of teachers willing to work in such far-off places, and the unavailability of software to deliver modern day education remains a challenge. According to the Economic Survey of Pakistan 2018-2019, Balochistan remains one of the most neglected provinces in terms of education. It currently stands at a 41% in terms of literacy rate; the lowest among all provinces. The government of Balochistan had allocated Rs 12.45 billion in 2018-19 for 205 ongoing and 449 new development projects for education.

After years of militancy, the state of education in Balochistan is finally seeing a turnaround, especially in the higher education domain

Out of the total allocation, an amount of Rs 1.77 billion had been allocated for primary education, Rs 4.15 billon for middle education, Rs 3.03 billion for secondary education, Rs 2.11 billion for college education, Rs 0.57 billion for university education, Rs 0.74 billion for general education and 0.069 billion for technical education, the statistics showed. But such huge gaps in education that have developed over the years due to consistent neglect and by insurgency cannot be expected to get corrected all at once. More efforts are underway to change the mindset of the younger population through exposure via student interactions and exchange – to make the locals feel less alienated from the rest of their fellow countrymen.

Getting To Know

Sensing the general disenchantment of the youth of Balochistan with the state and countrymen in other parts of Pakistan, a group of concerned citizens established an organization with the sole objective of rebuilding the lost trust of Baloch youth with the rest of Pakistanis. The team worked under the supervision of Senator Anwarul Haq Kakar, and took up the challenge to change the perception of the Baloch people through fostering people-to-people connections.Working as partners with the Government of Balochistan, they initiated the Youth Mobilization Campaign.

With Chinese assistance, the military and the government of Balochistan has set up schools and vocational centers for uplifting the people and challenging radical elements

It began at the district level and then moved on to the provincial level, working round-the-clock by mobilizing the general public, especially victims of terrorism. In the first phase, families of victims of terrorism in Balochistan were mobilized and sent to various parts of the country for interactive programs. Having received positive feedback from stakeholders across the society and educational institutes, the scope of the mobilization campaign expanded from Balochistan to the rest of the country.At present, higher education departments (HED) of all four provinces and the Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan are jointly facilitating student exchanges to forge a greater sense of national cohesion.Umer Duabia, a student from GCU Lahore, told Academia Magazine, “The visit to Gwadar and getting to know of its geographical importance was indeed an eye opener. I realized that if we avail this opportunity with full zeal, our next generations will lead in all industrial and economic zones.”

National Unity

Senator Kakar told Academia Magazine that the aim behind the recent visits (youth mobilization campaign) was to connect the student community from all provinces.“The impact has been tremendous, and many people who had never had the chance to visit other parts of the country were given an opportunity by the government to exploit this opportunity. Since its start, the project has helped students’ outlook towards nation building and they feel a part of the larger part of the Pakistani family,” Kakar added.

A student-to-student interaction initiative aims at mobilizing and integrating the youth of Balochistan and providing them exposure to people and educational infrastructure in other parts of the country

The change in and around Balochistan is not the commercial fodder you would find being repeated on mainstream media day in and day out, but those who have seen the progress made over the past few years can vouch that things are on the right track. Balochistan has suffered a lot in the past few decades, and it would require herculean efforts to bring all sectors of the province at par with the rest of the country. But initiatives such as this are a promise that the powers that be do want things to change for the better and are taking effective measures to make the youth of Balochistan as empowered and privileged as their peers in Punjab, Sindh and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.