Author

Academia Mag

Browsing

Wondering why PHP is the most popular programming language? Well, PHP, initially an acronym for Personal Home Page, has evolved into one of the most widely used programming languages for web development. Despite the emergence of newer languages and frameworks, PHP continues to maintain its relevance and popularity among developers worldwide. In this article, we will delve into the reasons behind PHP’s popularity and explore how it has adapted to the evolving landscape of web development.

1. Rich Ecosystem and Community Support

PHP boasts a vast ecosystem of libraries, frameworks, and tools that simplify web development tasks. Frameworks like Laravel, Symfony, and CodeIgniter provide developers with robust foundations for building scalable and secure web applications. Moreover, the extensive documentation and active community support ensure that developers can find solutions to their problems quickly. The PHP community’s willingness to share knowledge and contribute to open-source projects fosters innovation and continuous improvement within the ecosystem. PHP’s rich ecosystem and community support make it the most popular programming language.

2. Ease of Learning and Deployment

One of PHP’s key strengths is its simplicity and ease of learning which makes it the most popular programming language. PHP is one of the most accessible programming languages to developers of all skill levels. Its syntax, reminiscent of C and Perl, is intuitive and straightforward, enabling rapid development cycles. Additionally, PHP’s compatibility with various web servers and operating systems simplifies deployment, allowing developers to host their applications on a wide range of platforms effortlessly. This ease of deployment contributes to PHP’s popularity among small businesses and startups looking to establish an online presence quickly and cost-effectively.

3. Performance and Scalability

Over the years, PHP has undergone significant performance improvements, thanks to advancements in the language itself and optimizations in web server technology. The introduction of opcode caching mechanisms, such as Zend OPcache and APC, has significantly reduced script compilation overhead, resulting in faster execution times for PHP applications. Furthermore, PHP’s support for asynchronous programming and event-driven architectures enhances its scalability, allowing developers to build high-performance web applications capable of handling large volumes of traffic. PHP’s performance and scalability make it one of the most popular programming languages.

4. Seamless Integration and Compatibility

PHP’s versatility extends beyond web development, with support for a wide range of databases, including MySQL, PostgreSQL, and SQLite. Its seamless integration with popular web servers like Apache and Nginx, as well as technologies like HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, makes it an ideal choice for building dynamic and interactive websites. Additionally, PHP’s compatibility with content management systems (CMS) like WordPress, Drupal, and Joomla further expands its utility, enabling developers to create custom plugins and extensions to extend the functionality of these platforms. Its seamless integration and compatibility make PHP as one of the most popular programming languages.

5. Legacy Codebase and Industry Adoption

Despite the emergence of newer programming languages and frameworks, PHP remains deeply entrenched in the web development industry, thanks to its extensive legacy codebase and widespread adoption. Many established websites and applications, including Facebook, Wikipedia, and WordPress, rely on PHP for their backend infrastructure, ensuring a steady demand for PHP developers in the job market. Moreover, the availability of skilled PHP developers and the abundance of learning resources contribute to its continued relevance as a preferred choice for web development projects. This is yet another reason why PHP remains the most popular programming language.

PHP’s enduring popularity can be attributed to its rich ecosystem, ease of learning, performance improvements, seamless integration capabilities, and widespread industry adoption. As the web development landscape continues to evolve, PHP remains a versatile and reliable choice for building dynamic and scalable web applications. By embracing modern best practices and staying informed of emerging trends, PHP continues to solidify its position as a dominant force in the world of web development.

Well, we hope this article helped you understand and learn why PHP remains a popular programming language. What are your views and thoughts about PHP being the most popular programming language? Share your views and thoughts with us in the comments section below!

Other than Why PHP continues to be a popular Programming Language, you can also read Top programming languages in 2024

The two-day conference on ‘Social Entrepreneurship in Pakistan’ came to a close in Islamabad marking a significant milestone in the country’s journey towards sustainable development and inclusive growth. Organized by Accountability Lab Pakistan, with the support of the U.S. Mission in Pakistan and in partnership with the Pakistan-U.S. Alumni Network (PUAN), the event brought together a diverse group of stakeholders committed to driving positive change through innovative entrepreneurship.

Deputy Chief of Mission Andrew Schofer highlighted the crucial role of PUAN members in driving social change, stating, “With more than 44,000 exchange alumni, PUAN members like you are establishing climate-smart businesses, investing in community-driven enterprises, promoting entry to markets for underserved and marginalized communities, and you are tackling seeming intractable problems through entrepreneurship – all while contributing to the growth and development of Pakistan.”

Former Senator Mushahid Hussain Syed emphasized the transformative power of social entrepreneurship, calling it “the driving force for tomorrow’s transformation, a catalyst for inclusive development, and a pathway to empowerment for all members of society” during his keynote speech.

Fayyaz Yaseen, Executive Director of the Accountability Lab, outlined the conference’s objectives, emphasizing the importance of highlighting the connection between business and civic engagement and addressing the challenges facing social entrepreneurship in Pakistan.

The conference, attended by 120-150 mid-senior PUAN alumni members and experts from various sectors, sparked discussions, fostered collaborations, and charted a path towards a more socially conscious and economically sustainable Pakistan. Activities included talks by sectoral experts, exposure visits, plenary discussions, brainstorming sessions, and group presentations.

Sahibzada Aamir Khalil, Country President of Pakistan-U.S. Alumni Network, emphasized the need for action, stating, “this conference is not just about dialogue; it is about action. We are here to identify and address the barriers hindering the growth of social entrepreneurship in Pakistan, offering actionable insights and solutions to create an enabling ecosystem for aspiring social entrepreneurs.”

The conference featured a range of activities aimed at inspiring, educating, and empowering participants, including panel discussions with experts, guest lectures, outreach visits to government institutions promoting skill development, and the development of action plans for the promotion of social entrepreneurship.

In his closing remarks, Chairman of Accountability Lab Pakistan, Ali Imran, reflected on the comprehensive discussions held during the conference. “From envisioning its future prospects to exploring technological innovations and the tangible outcomes achievable through robust public-private partnerships and inclusive networks, we have left no stone unturned,” he said.

The conference concluded with a sense of optimism and determination to harness the potential of social entrepreneurship as a vehicle for positive change in Pakistan. As stakeholders return to their communities, they carry with them a renewed commitment to building a more equitable and prosperous future for all.

Related: LUMS holds Global Entrepreneurship Conference

In a recent address at the Punjab University (PU) College of Pharmacy’s 10th degree awarding ceremony, Prof Dr Khalid Mahmood, the Vice Chancellor, emphasized the crucial need to strengthen the ties between industry and academia. The ceremony, held on Saturday, saw the presence of esteemed figures including PUCP Principal Dr Atif Raza, Registrar Dr Ahmad Islam, faculty members, students, and their parents.

During his speech, Prof Dr Khalid Mahmood commended the College of Pharmacy for its high educational standards, noting that its reputation attracts students not only from within the country but also from abroad. He highlighted the significance of the college’s Memorandums of Understanding (MoUs) with key industry players such as DRAP, Primary and Secondary Health, and various other sectors, emphasizing that these collaborations will enhance the practical skills of the students.

Congratulating the graduating students, Prof Dr Khalid Mahmood underscored the pivotal role of students in the nation’s development. He extended his felicitations to the recipients of degrees and medals, acknowledging the support of parents and teachers in their academic journey.

Dr Atif Raza, the Principal of PUCP, disclosed that a total of 229 undergraduate and 27 MPhil scholars were conferred with degrees during the ceremony. Additionally, six outstanding students were honored with gold medals for their exemplary performance. Dr Raza expressed optimism regarding the future prospects of the graduates, urging them to continue their pursuit of excellence with diligence and dedication, thereby bringing pride to themselves and their alma mater.

The ceremony not only celebrated the academic achievements of the students but also served as a platform to reinforce the importance of collaboration between academia and industry in fostering the holistic development of students and advancing the nation’s growth trajectory.

Related: PU VC Emphasizes Youth Skill Development

Are you on the lookout for the tools used in 2D and 3D animations? Animation, whether in 2D or 3D, is a captivating art form that has evolved significantly over the years. From hand-drawn animations to sophisticated computer-generated imagery (CGI), animators rely on a variety of tools to bring their creations to life. In this comprehensive article, we have listed the tools used in 2D and 3D animations. So, what are you waiting for? Let’s delve into this informational article and explore all the essential tools used in 2D and 3D animations and their functionalities and significance in the animation process.

2D Animation Tools

2D animation involves creating movement in a two-dimensional space. Traditionally, animators would draw each frame by hand, but with the advent of digital technology, numerous software tools have been developed to streamline the process.

  1. Drawing Tablets

Drawing tablets are indispensable tools for 2D animators, allowing them to create digital illustrations with precision and control. These tablets typically consist of a pressure-sensitive surface and a stylus, mimicking the experience of drawing on paper. Popular brands include Wacom, Huion, and XP-Pen.

  1. Vector Graphics Software

Vector graphics software such as Adobe Illustrator and CorelDRAW are commonly used in 2D animation for creating scalable graphics. These programs enable animators to draw, manipulate, and animate vector-based artwork, which retains its quality when scaled to different sizes.

  1. 2D Animation Software

Dedicated 2D animation software provides a comprehensive suite of tools specifically designed for animators. Examples include Adobe Animate (formerly Flash), Toon Boom Harmony, and OpenToonz. These platforms offer features such as timeline-based animation, frame-by-frame drawing, and rigging for character animation.

  1. Motion Graphics Software

Motion graphics software like Adobe After Effects is utilized for creating dynamic animations, title sequences, and visual effects in 2D. While primarily used in video production, these tools can also complement traditional 2D animation workflows by adding motion to static elements.

3D Animation Tools

3D animation involves creating lifelike three-dimensional objects and environments, often used in films, video games, and visualizations. The process requires specialized software capable of modeling, rigging, animating, and rendering complex 3D scenes.

  1. 3D Modeling Software

At the core of 3D animation is 3D modeling software, which allows artists to create and manipulate virtual 3D objects. Industry-standard tools include Autodesk Maya, Blender, and Cinema 4D. These platforms offer a range of modeling techniques, including polygonal modeling, sculpting, and procedural modeling.

  1. Rigging Software

Rigging is the process of adding skeletal structures and controls to 3D models, enabling them to be animated realistically. Rigging software such as Autodesk Maya, Blender, and SideFX Houdini provides tools for creating and manipulating character rigs, including bones, joints, and inverse kinematics (IK) systems.

  1. Animation Software

Animation software for 3D encompasses a wide range of features, including keyframe animation, motion capture integration, and simulation tools. Autodesk Maya, Blender, and Maxon Cinema 4D are popular choices among 3D animators for their robust animation capabilities and industry-standard workflows.

  1. Rendering Software

Rendering is the process of generating images from 3D models, taking into account lighting, materials, and camera settings. Dedicated rendering software such as Pixar’s RenderMan, Chaos Group’s V-Ray, and Autodesk Arnold are used to produce high-quality renders with realistic lighting and shading effects.

The world of animation is quite rich and diverse, spanning a vast range of styles and techniques. Whether creating whimsical 2D cartoons or immersive 3D worlds, animators rely on a suite of specialized tools to bring their visions to fruition. From drawing tablets and vector graphics software to 3D modeling and rendering software, each tool plays a vital role in the animation process, empowering artists to unleash their creativity and captivate audiences worldwide.

We hope this article helped you learn and understand about the tools used in 2D and 3D animations. What are your views and thoughts on the tools used in 2D and 3D animations? Share your thoughts and views with us in the comments section on the tools used in 2D and 3D animations!

Other than Tools Used in 2D and 3D Animations, you can also read Top Data Security Posture Management Tools

Amidst an atmosphere of scholarly exchange and collaboration, the three-day International Pakistan Congress of Zoology concluded at the prestigious University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir (UAJK), leaving a lasting impact on the field. The congress served as a platform for global experts to convene, share insights, and address pressing issues within zoological sciences.

Gathering at the University’s scenic King Abdullah Campus, distinguished scholars and researchers from across the globe delved into a wide array of topics ranging from entomology and pest management to wildlife conservation and bioinformatics. With over 500 research papers presented, the event showcased the depth and breadth of discussions held during the congress.

One of the highlights of the event was the recognition of individuals who have made significant contributions to zoological sciences. Esteemed researchers and professors were honored with lifetime achievement awards, while outstanding faculty members and students received accolades for their remarkable work.

The closing ceremony, attended by officials from the Zoological Society of Pakistan, members of the Executive Council, and delegates from various institutions, was marked by reflections on the congress’s achievements and future aspirations.

In his address, President of the Zoological Society of Pakistan, Prof. Dr. AR Shakuri, expressed his gratitude to all stakeholders and emphasized the role of delegates as ambassadors of Kashmir, tasked with showcasing the region’s beauty and academic prowess to the world.

Similarly, Prof. Dr. Muhammad Kaleem Abbasi, Vice-Chancellor of UAJK, commended the collaborative efforts that led to the congress’s success and underscored the significance of such events in fostering scientific research and collaboration.

Dr. Abbasi also highlighted the enduring bond between Azad Kashmir and Pakistan, proposing the establishment of Kashmir desks in universities across the nation to raise awareness about the region’s contributions to agriculture and scientific research.

Attendees at the closing ceremony expressed optimism that the congress would stimulate new avenues of knowledge and research in zoology, paving the way for transformative discoveries and advancements. Shields were presented as tokens of appreciation to chairs, presenters, and organizing committee members, symbolizing the collective dedication that fueled the success of the event.

As the curtains drew on the 42nd International Pakistan Congress of Zoology, participants departed with renewed inspiration and a shared commitment to furthering scientific research and collaboration in the field of zoological sciences.

Related: Landmark 42nd Zoology Congress Opens at UAJK

Faculty of Science of the University of Veterinary and Animals Sciences (UVAS) Lahore in collaboration with Forward Solutions, UM Enterprises and JW Nutrition observed World Veterinary Day 2024 with the theme of “Veterinarians Are Essential Health Workers” here on Friday at City Campus.

Various activities including a walk, a seminar, a poster competition and a free medical treatment camp featured the World Veterinary Day 2024 in a befitting manner to create awareness about the welfare of animals in the community and showcasing the contributions of veterinarians to public health and admiration of their role for essential work among communities and stakeholders.

Chief Executive Officer Forward Solution Animal Health Company Dr Asim Mahmood Khan was the Chief Guest of the World Veterinary Day 2024.  Dr Asim Along with UVAS Vice-Chancellor Meritorious Prof Dr Muhammad Younus (DLA.I, T.I) led the walk while Dean Faculty of Veterinary Science Prof Dr Aneela Zameer Durrani, Emeritus Prof Dr Masood Rabbani, Emeritus Prof Tahir Yaqub and a large number of senior UVAS faculty members, students, industries representatives from public and private sectors participated. The walk started from in front of the Vice-Chancellor office and culminated at in front of main lawn.

Later, a seminar was arranged to sensitize people about the importance of veterinarians, animal welfare, health and treatment. Addressing the students in the seminar, Vice-Chancellor Prof Dr Muhammad Younus said that veterinarians playing a vital role in safeguarding public health, ensuring food safety & food security and advocating for environmental sustainability. He said livestock department Punjab and veterinarians providing treatment services at the door step of livestock farming community to save their animals from deadly diseases. He said UVAS always promoting academia and industries linkages and solving industries issues by utilizing its knowledge and research. He also mentioned that efforts of veterinarians in disease surveillance, vaccination and promotion of agriculture practices significantly impact global wellbeing.

While addressing the audience, Dr Asim Mahmood Khan said that veterinarians playing a vibrant role as a health workers not only for the treatment of animals but also for ensuring of food safety and food security with full of dedication. He said it is direly needed to work for the promotion of our local breed (Genetics) to enhance milk and meat production in Pakistan because milk and meat are the basic component of our diet.

He called UVAS experts to solve livestock industries issues related to prevention of zoonotic diseases. He said academia & industry partnership is the only key to develop livestock sector and also professionally strengthen to veterinarians. Prof Dr Aneela Zameer Durrani said that it is necessary for government to work on livestock policy for the betterment of livestock sector. She said academia and industry collaboration is the best way to learn about professional skills for the bright future of students.

At the end, Prof Dr Masood Rabbani shared the result of poster contest winners Ms Izza won 1st position, Taheer Ahmad Babar got 2nd while Faisal Ayub stood on 3rd position. Prof Dr Muhammad Younus along with other dignitaries gave away a shield to Dr Asim Mahmmod Khan and distributed cash prizes among the winners of poster competition.

Earlier UVAS Department of Veterinary Medicine in connection with World Veterinary Day 2024 arranged Veterinary Aid Outreach Camp at Outdoor Hospital in collaboration with IVSA Pakistan and National UVAS. Prof Dr Aneela Zameer Durrani along with Registrar Sajjad Hyder and other dignitaries inaugurated free medical treatment camp. Similar activities were also held on other UVAS campuses to observe World Veterinary Day 2024.

Related: UVAS Lahore Gears Up for 20th Annual Sports Day

In a bid to foster awareness and combat religious intolerance, Punjab Higher Education Commission (PHEC), in collaboration with the University of Punjab (PU), initiated a campaign aimed at educating youth about the blasphemy laws and their social responsibilities.

A seminal seminar titled ‘Blasphemy Law and our Social Responsibilities’ was convened at the Sheikh Zayed Islamic Center auditorium, organized by PU Directorate of Students Affairs, Committee for Awareness Against Religious Hatred, and PHEC. Distinguished guests including former Federal Minister for Religious Affairs Aneeq Ahmed, PU Vice Chancellor Dr. Khalid Mahmood, President of Lahore High Court Bar Association Asad Manzoor Butt, and Dean Faculty of Islamic Studies Prof. Dr. Muhammad Hammad Lakhvi graced the occasion, alongside faculty members and a throng of students.

Addressing the gathering, Dr. Khalid Mahmood emphasized the pivotal role of education institutions in dispelling ignorance prevalent in society. He underscored the importance of accurate information dissemination and urged social media experts to take up the mantle of promoting awareness.

Former Federal Minister Aneeq Ahmed delineated the fine line between criticism and blasphemy, stressing the necessity of understanding the laws to prevent incidents akin to those in Jaranwala and Sialkot. He lauded the efforts of the campaign in fostering religious harmony and cautioned against hidden agendas aimed at abolishing blasphemy laws.

Asad Manzoor Butt highlighted the misuse of blasphemy laws in Pakistan, which tarnishes the nation’s image globally. He advocated for responsible use of digital platforms and reiterated the need for adherence to legal protocols in addressing blasphemy cases.

Dr. Tanveer Qasim condemned the dissemination of derogatory content targeting Islam and its revered figures through social media channels. He emphasized the collaborative efforts of educational institutions, regulatory bodies, and law enforcement agencies to uphold social responsibilities.

In concurrence, Prof. Dr. Muhammad Hammad Lakhvi emphasized the importance of bridging societal divides to curb extremism and religious animosity. Dr. Muhammad Ali Kalasra affirmed PU’s commitment to combat extremism and promote a culture of tolerance.

The seminar concluded with the initiation of a tree plantation campaign at Sheikh Zayed Islamic Center, spearheaded by the Aghaz-e-Sahar Green Community, symbolizing a collective commitment to nurturing peace and harmony in society.

The collaborative efforts of Punjab University and PHEC in launching this campaign signal a proactive stance towards fostering a more inclusive and tolerant society, where respect for diverse beliefs and adherence to legal frameworks prevail.

Related: PHEC Orders Probe into Complaints Against PU Professor

The journey towards enhancing the quality of higher education in Pakistan took a significant stride forward as the Progress Review Meeting and Consultative Workshop for Understanding and Effective Implementation of Pakistan’s Precept, Standards, and Guidelines for Quality Assurance in Higher Education (PSG-2023) commenced in the Punjab region.

Hosted at the prestigious Forman Christian College University (FCCU), Lahore, this workshop marks the third in a series of initiatives conducted by the Higher Education Commission (HEC) across the nation. Representatives from various higher education institutions (HEIs) gathered at FCCU to deliberate on the pivotal role of PSG-2023 in elevating educational standards.

Distinguished personalities including Rector Dr. James Addleton, Registrar Dr. Nayer Fardows from FCCU, and Mr. Nasir Shah, Director General of Quality Assurance at HEC, graced the event with their presence. Their participation underscored a collective commitment to fostering quality education through the effective implementation of PSG-2023.

In his welcoming address, Dr. James Addleton set the tone for the workshop, emphasizing its importance in shaping the future of higher education in Pakistan. Mr. Nasir Shah elaborated on the objectives of the workshop, outlining initiatives aimed at ensuring adherence to quality standards across HEIs. He highlighted the manifold benefits of PSG-2023, emphasizing its role in maintaining educational standards, enhancing the global reputation of HEIs, and fostering a culture of continuous improvement and accountability.

The consultative workshops, scheduled to continue until May 18, 2024, serve as a platform to promote understanding and effective implementation of PSG-2023. Participants will engage in discussions aimed at highlighting the critical role of quality assurance frameworks in upholding and enhancing educational standards across Pakistan.

As the nation strives towards excellence in higher education, events like these pave the way for collaborative efforts to transform the educational landscape, ensuring that every student receives a quality education that prepares them for the challenges of the future.

Related: HEC Chairman Assures Continuation of University Grants in Sindh

The Institute of Business Administration (IBA), Karachi’s School of Mathematics and Computer Science (SMCS) proudly announces the achievement of ‘W’ category accreditation for its BS Computer Science (BSCS) program by the National Computing Education Accreditation Council (NCEAC). This accreditation covers the batches of 2019, 2020, and 2021, signifying a significant milestone in IBA’s pursuit of academic excellence.

Earlier this year, a rigorous evaluation was conducted by the NCEAC inspection team, encompassing an in-depth assessment of the program against the council’s stringent standards. The inspection involved a comprehensive examination of the Institute’s facilities and academic practices. The meeting, attended by key figures including Dr. S Akbar Zaidi, Executive Director of IBA; Dr. Shakeel Khoja, Dean of SMCS; Dr. Shahid Hussain, Chairperson of the Computer Science Department; and Dr. Sana Tauseef, Director of Quality Enhancement Cell (QEC), underscored IBA’s unwavering commitment to maintaining the highest standards of education.

The attainment of ‘W’ category accreditation underscores IBA’s dedication to fostering excellence in its academic offerings. Dr. Shakeel Khoja, Dean of SMCS, expressed his delight at this accomplishment, stating, “This accreditation is a testament to the relentless efforts of our faculty and staff in delivering a world-class education in computer science. It reinforces our position as a premier institution in the field of computing.”

IBA Karachi has long been recognized for its exceptional educational programs, and this accreditation further solidifies its standing as a leader in the realm of computer science education. The accreditation serves as a validation of IBA’s commitment to providing students with the highest quality education and ensuring their competitiveness in the global job market.

Moving forward, IBA remains steadfast in its pursuit of excellence, continuously striving to enhance its academic offerings and maintain its position as a beacon of educational innovation and excellence in Pakistan and beyond.

Related: IBA Students Walk Out of Coca-Cola Recruitment Drive

Last week, demonstrations erupted on Columbia University‘s campus, protesting the war in Gaza, and subsequently, similar protests have ignited at universities nationwide. These protests have led to significant crackdowns and political scrutiny. This comes in the aftermath of recent congressional hearings addressing antisemitism on campuses and against the backdrop of increasing antisemitism and anti-Muslim sentiment in the United States.

Protests have spread to various campuses, including Yale University, New York University, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Miami University in Ohio, and Temple University in Philadelphia, among others.

Once again, prominent universities have become the focal point for national debates regarding America’s stance on Israel amidst the ongoing conflict in Gaza, the boundaries of free speech, and issues of antisemitism and anti-Muslim discrimination. They’ve also become convenient targets for political figures aiming to make a statement. For instance, today, lawmakers such as House Speaker Mike Johnson are visiting Columbia’s campus.

The protests demand that universities divest from companies allegedly profiting from Israel’s actions in Palestine, more than six months into the conflict, with the death toll in Gaza surpassing 34,000. Some university groups, like those at New York University involved in military research, are also urging their institutions to cease activities contributing to weapons development. At Columbia, Yale, and New York University, administrators have responded with mass arrests in an attempt to quell the unrest.

On Wednesday, numerous protesters were apprehended while participating in demonstrations advocating for Palestine across college campuses in the United States.

At least 34 demonstrators, including a member of the media representing a local news outlet, were taken into custody during protests at the University of Texas in Austin. Additionally, around 50 more individuals were detained by law enforcement at the University of Southern California (USC).

These arrests coincide with a surge of protests unfolding at campuses nationwide. These demonstrations commenced last week following the establishment of encampments by students at Columbia University in New York, demanding the institution’s divestment from weapon manufacturers with connections to Israel. Consequently, the protests have resulted in widespread suspensions and the arrests of numerous students in New York and other urban centers.

Related: Alkhidmat and Riphah Unite to Empower Palestinian Students